4 results
Contributors
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- By Ashok Agarwal, Joseph P Alukal, Deborah J Anderson, Linda D Applegarth, Saleh Binsaleh, Elizabeth M Bloom, Karen E Boyle, Nancy L Brackett, Robert E Brannigan, James V Bruckner, Victor M Brugh, Ettore Caroppo, Grace M Centola, Aleksander Chudnovsky, Susan L Crockin, Fnu Deepinder, David M. Fenig, Aaron B Grotas, Matthew P. Hardy, Wayne J. G. Hellstrom, Stanton C Honig, Stuart S Howards, Keith Jarvi, Rajasingam S Jeyendran, William E Kaplan, Edward Karpman, Sanjay S Kasturi, Mohit Khera, Nancy A Klein, Dolores J Lamb, Jane M Lewis, Larry I Lipshultz, Kirk C Lo, Charles M Lynne, R. Dale McClure, Antoine A Makhlouf, Myles Margolis, Clara I. Marín-Briggiler, Randall B Meacham, Jesse N Mills, John P Mulhall, Alexander Müller, Christine Mullin, Harris M Nagler, Craig S Niederberger, Robert D Oates, Dana A Ohl, E. Charles Osterberg, Rodrigo L Pagani, Vassilios Papadopoulos, Joseph A Politch, Gail S Prins, Angela A Reese, Susan A Rothmann, Edmund S Sabanegh, Denny Sakkas, Jay I Sandlow, Richard A Schoor, Paulo C Serafini, Mark Sigman, Suresh C Sikka, Rebecca Z Sokol, Jens Sønksen, Miguel Srougi, James Stelling, Justin Tannir, Anthony J Thomas, Paul J Turek, Terry T Turner, Mónica H. Vazquez-Levin, Moshe Wald, Thomas J Walsh, Thomas M Wheeler, Daniel H Williams, Armand Zini, Barry R Zirkin
- Edited by Larry I. Lipshultz, Stuart S. Howards, University of Virginia, Craig S. Niederberger, University of Illinois, Chicago
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- Book:
- Infertility in the Male
- Published online:
- 19 May 2010
- Print publication:
- 24 September 2009, pp vii-x
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6 - Globalization, biological invasions, and ecosystem changes in North America's Great Lakes
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- By Kristen T. Holeck, Department of Natural Resources Cornell University Biological Field Station 900 Shackelton Point Road Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA, Edward L. Mills, Department of Natural Resources Cornell University Biological Field Station 900 Shackelton Point Road Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA, Hugh J. MacIsaac, Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research University of Windsor Windsor, ON N9B 3P4 Canada
- Edited by William W. Taylor, Michigan State University, Michael G. Schechter, Michigan State University, Lois G. Wolfson, Michigan State University
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- Book:
- Globalization: Effects on Fisheries Resources
- Published online:
- 10 August 2009
- Print publication:
- 25 October 2007, pp 156-182
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Summary
INTRODUCTION
Globalization, in the context of biological invasions, is the increased movement of species around the world. In this chapter, non-indigenous species (NIS) are defined as taxa moved from one geographic location of the world to another from which they were historically absent. The largest geographic barriers to species dispersal, the world's oceans, have been circumvented by the development of a global economy. Increased demand for and transport of goods has resulted in the transfer – both intentional and unintentional – of NIS on unprecedented scales. For example, colonization rates of European crustaceans in North America are estimated to be 50 000 times background levels associated with natural dispersal (Hebert and Cristescu 2002). A number of dispersal vectors are responsible for transport of aquatic NIS, though transoceanic shipping has played a particularly important role as the global economy has expanded.
Establishment of NIS represents one of the most significant threats to the world's indigenous biota (Mooney and Drake 1989; Mack et al. 2000), in addition to adverse ecological and economic effects that they impart on lakes throughout the world (e.g., Hall and Mills 2000). For example, establishment of Nile perch (Lates niloticus) in Lake Victoria and peacock bass (Cichla ocellaris) in Gatun Lake resulted in extirpation or decline of native fish species (Zaret and Paine 1973; Ogutu-Ohwaya 1990; Witte et al. 1992).
9 - Aquatic-terrestrial linkages and implications for landscape management
- Edited by Jianguo Liu, Michigan State University, William W. Taylor, Michigan State University
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- Book:
- Integrating Landscape Ecology into Natural Resource Management
- Published online:
- 14 January 2010
- Print publication:
- 01 August 2002, pp 241-262
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Summary
Introduction
Historically, ponds and lakes were viewed as isolated systems, separate from their surrounding landscapes. Although a stream was recognized as a network interweaving the countryside, its border with the surrounding land was often overlooked. The interface between aquatic and terrestrial habitats was viewed as the strongest of boundaries. Indeed, the visible integrity of ponds and lakes was used as the primary justification for early definitions of “ecosystems” as largely self-contained (Odum, 1971). Several decades later, the relationship between aquatic and terrestrial landscape elements is viewed quite differently. The terrestrial habitat is integrally connected to lotic and lentic systems and provides resources that are essential to their health. The aquatic-terrestrial interface itself is recognized as a porous filter that allows a flow of organisms, water, and matter in both directions. This interface is often a special habitat with its own unique flora and fauna that contribute significantly to the functioning of the surrounding landscape.
The management of the linked aquatic–terrestrial landscape incorporates two primary topics in landscape ecology (Forman, 1995). The first topic centers on the flow of organisms across the aquatic–terrestrial boundary and among different aquatic habitat patches throughout the landscape. The second topic addresses the physical flow of water and matter as a key process linking land and water systems. Flowing water transports substances by both aboveground and belowground pathways across the interface and significantly affects the quality and health of the downstream, receiving system. Sustainability and successful management of wildlife, fisheries, and other natural resources are dependent on the integration of these subject areas.
A critical review of research on the mental health status of older African-Americans
- TERRY L. MILLS, CARLA D. A. EDWARDS
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- Journal:
- Ageing & Society / Volume 22 / Issue 3 / May 2002
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 August 2002, pp. 273-304
- Print publication:
- May 2002
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This paper summarises current research on the mental health status of older African-Americans with a specific focus on late-life depression, one of the most common forms of mental disorder among older persons. Social gerontologists have brought to the forefront the need to consider the impact of historical eras, cohort location, and lifecourse development when studying various dimensions of the ageing process. Unfortunately, this type of theorising is still in its infancy, and has not been widely applied to the general population and all dimensions of health, let alone investigations into the mental health status of older African-Americans. Virtually none of the empirical studies we reviewed adequately address the historical, biographical, or structural factors related to the mental health status of older African-Americans. We suggest that to understand contemporary manifestations of racial presumptions, there must be an appreciation of the historical antecedents. African-Americans live with the corrosive effects of a legacy of slavery that presumed black inferiority. The identification of salient factors of risk and resilience among this population is critical to developing effective intervention and mental health maintenance programmes. By emphasising the socio-historical influences on the mental health of older African-Americans, we can develop a greater understanding of this population's mental health needs; thus paving the way for improved mental health services and a reduction in mental health disparities.